This introductory module provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution and function of district heating and cooling systems. It begins with the historical development of district heating, highlighting the transition from steam to hot water and warm water as heat carrier mediums, and eventually to the integration of renewable heat sources in 4th and 5th generation systems. The module also explores the challenges related to efficiency and heat losses, emphasising the importance of decreasing temperature and the policies that shape district heating in different countries. Participants will learn about the dynamics of heat and cold markets, the role of prosumers, and the characteristics of typical buildings consuming district heating. Ultimately, the module addresses the future of district heating in Europe, its significance in the energy transition, and the comparative advantages over individual systems.
Main topics covered in the module
- Evolution of district heating
- Introduction to district heating, introduction of substations, Generation, distribution, consumption,
- Definition: district heating and cooling, Compared to other systems, why district heating?
- 1st generation: Steam as heat carrier medium
- 2nd generation: Hot water as heat carrier medium (>100°C)
- 3rd generation: Warm water as heat carrier medium (<100°C)
- 4th generation: Integration of renewable heat sources, LTDH
- 5th generation: Energy communities, Ultra LTDH
- Problem: efficiency, losses. This is why we decrease temperature.
- Policies in different counties. Heat tariff, IVL, different logics of heat tarff in different countries. Presumers. How to recover the waste heat into DH. Differences between countries. Operator, subsidies, municipalities…
- Evolution of district cooling
- Central cold energy production and distribution
- Central heat production and cooling with heat-based heat pumps
Learning Outcomes (skills and competences)
Upon completion of this module, learners will be able to critically analyze the evolution and different generations of district heating and cooling systems, understanding their implications for energy efficiency and sustainability. They will also be equipped to evaluate the policies influencing district heating in various countries and the impact of these policies on system performance and consumer engagement. Additionally, learners will be able to propose innovative improvements for district heating systems, recognizing their vital role in the transition to renewable energy and climate change mitigation.